中国藤及藤制品国际贸易面临的主要问题和政策建议

近年来，藤制品的国际市场价格和全球贸易额不断上升。中国已成为世界上最主要的藤原材料进口国，每年从东南亚国家进口原材料5万～6万t。同时，中国也是世界上最大的藤制品出口国，2004年5种主要藤产品出口额达到1．39亿美元。随着国内资源的短缺，中国藤产业原材料对外依存度越来越大。为了保障中国藤产业的健康发展，文中提出了3点政策性建议：（1）加强国内藤资源培育；（2）建立稳定的国外原材料市场，在国外建立原材料基地；（3）提高资源利用率。     

河南省经济林生产现状及发展思路

本文通过对河南省经济林生产现状的概述，指出生产中存在的问题，并提出发展对策。     

不同破坏方式对固定沙丘植被的影响

通过对吉林省前郭县乌兰图嘎林场固定沙丘植被试验区采取限制放牧与过度放牧的对比调查，结果得出，控制放牧有利于固定沙丘植被的恢复，可有效地提高草牧场植被的多样性和异质性；而过度放牧通常是吉林省西部草牧场退化的最重要原因。     

我国家具业的发展状况与思考

介绍了我国家具业的发展，对我国家具业的市场容量、产品结构、所用材料及现有问题进行了分析和思考，并提出了解决办法。     

生态经济林经营模式

在我国丘陵山区开展以经济林为骨干项目的多种经营,是繁荣农村经济的一项战略措施。生态经济林业就是遵循自然规律和经济规律,按照生态学和生态经济学的原理,运用系统理论与系统工程的方法,组织经济林生产建设事业。它的任务是为制定经济林生产发展战略规划:为经济林栽培经营提供指导理论和方法。生态经济林的实施主要是通过区划和规划。生态经济林经营模式,有网络结构模式和立体经营模式之分。前者是一个地域生态系统的整体结构中,经济林作为一个子系统的位置,后者是具体林分结构的立体经营模式,两者是相关联的。     

Diversity of the calabash tree (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Crescentia cujete</Emphasis> L.) in Colombia

Germplasm of the calabash tree (Crescentia cujete L.) was collected in five major regions of Colombia, i.e. the Andes, Caribbean, Amazon, Orinoco, and Pacific regions. Collecting this multipurpose tree was guided by the indigenous knowledge of farmers and artisans in each region. Large variation in fruit shapes and sizes was found, of which some forms were typical for certain regions. Overall 56 accessions were collected and roughly classified into 22 types by eight fruit shapes and eight sizes. Molecular markers (Amplified fragment length polymorphisms) were applied to leaf tip tissue originating from vegetatively propagated plants in order to assess the diversity available in the germplasm collected as well as to detect patterns of geographical or morphological similarity. One accession each of C. alata H.B.&K. and C. amazonica Ducke were used as outgroups. Overall, genetic diversity was high (mean Nei and Li’s coefficient of 0.43). No relations could be established between either geographical provenance or fruit morphology and patterns of genetic diversity. Concerning the outgroups, the C. amazonica accession appeared to be a distinct species. The C. alata accession, however, did not seem to be sufficiently distinct from C. cujete to merit species status. The latter material may in fact be a hybrid or serve to challenge the validity of interspecific organization of the genus Crescentia.

一种含有竹叶黄酮的复配型肉类食品添加剂的开发

通过竹叶黄酮和异Vc钠的系列复配应用试验,得到了一种性能优越的肉类食品添加剂.实验选用中式香肠体系,通过测定过氧化值(POV)、酸价(AV)和亚硝酸盐含量,辅以感官评定等手段,评价此复合抗氧化剂的抗氧性能以及对产品风味和质量的整体影响.结果表明,在原配方的基础上,硝酸盐或亚硝酸盐减半使用,同时添加0.01%的竹叶黄酮和0.05%的异Vc钠,能显著抑制香肠的脂质过氧化,延长产品保质期,降低产品中亚硝酸盐的含量,同时维持并改善中式香肠应有的感官品质.竹叶黄酮在有效发挥抗氧化作用的同时,部分替代了具有潜在致癌作用的发色剂,提高了制品的安全性,是一种十分有前途的肉类食品添加剂.     

云南松花粉精粉及其加工产品的成分分析及评价

对以云南松破壁松花粉为原料 ,采用具创新性生物技术研制的云南松花粉脂提物精粉、活性酶精粉、黄酮精粉、营养及活性物质精粉 ,以及用此 4种精粉经加工而获得的亚油酸软胶囊、口服 0 #胶囊、黄酮药片 (胶囊 )、精粉口服液和松花粉酮酒 5种产品的成分进行了分析 ,了解到它们相关成分的含量。分析结果表明 ,4种云南松花粉精粉具有速溶性好、营养及生物活性物质集中的特点 ,其主要营养及生物活性物质含量数倍于破壁松花粉。以其为原料加工的各项产品很好地保留了精粉的主要功能成分 ,因而对人体具有更高的保健、医疗功效。     

林区旅游资源产品化研究

林区是旅游资源的富集区,具有发展旅游业的潜力。但是,由于市场观念的缺乏,其资源优势并未转化为产品优势与经济优势,旅游资源产品化成为林区旅游发展的首要任务。本文剖析了旅游资源与旅游产品关系,在分析林区旅游资源产品化的背景及其旅游资源开发的优势与障碍的基础上,提出了林区旅游资源产品化的战略构想与策略。     

Short-term response of salal (Gaultheria shallon Pursh) to commercial harvesting for floral greenery

Salal (Gaultheria shallon Pursh), which is widely used for floral greenery, is an important non-timber forest product (NTFP) from the coastal forests of the Pacific Northwest of North America. However, there are no known studies on the impacts of commercial salal harvesting on subsequent growth. A study was therefore initiated to quantify the growth of salal 1 year after commercial harvesting, and to compare this with growth of unharvested salal. The amount of biomass removed from shrubs through commercial harvesting (131 g m⁻²) was the same as the amount of annual growth in adjacent undisturbed plots (135 g m⁻²). One year later, the amount of regrowth in previously harvested plots (144 g m⁻²) was greater than the amount of new growth in adjacent undisturbed plots (111 g m⁻²). As there was little difference in the weight per current stem, the increased biomass after commercial harvesting was attributed to the observed increase in stem number (60 stems m⁻²) as compared to undisturbed salal (50 stems m⁻²). Our study does not incorporate either repeated annual harvesting or variable harvesting intensities, both of which have been anecdotally reported to affect levels of re-growth and therefore sustainability.